The European Flight Mechanics Action Group FM-AG(16) on Fault Tolerant Control, established in 2004 and concluded in 2008, represented a collaboration involving thirteen European partners from industry, universities and research establishments under the auspices of the Group for Aeronautical Research and Technology in Europe (GARTEUR) program. The book consists of five parts. Part I contains the introduction and motivation of this research project and a state-of-the-art overview in Fault Tolerant Flight Control (FTC). Part II includes the description of the benchmark challenge, consisting of details of the benchmark simulation model and the assessment criteria used to evaluate the performance of the Fault Tolerant Controllers. Part III covers all the different FDI/FTC design methods which have been applied to the benchmark simulation model. There are two different evaluation methods for these FDI/FTC designs, namely an off-line evaluation using the assessment criteria in the benchmark simulation model in Matlab, and an on-line evaluation on Delft’s SIMONA Research Simulator. The off-line evaluations are described in the individual chapters in part III, whereas the latter is treated extensively in part IV where the real time assessments on the SIMONA Research Simulator are introduced and discussed. Finally part V focuses on a review of the applied methods from an industrial perspective together with some concluding remarks.